All about TOD (Transit-Oriented Development)
TOD is an urban planning approach that concentrates on establishing mixed-use towns in high-density locations that are accessible to transit hubs. The strategy has been commonly embraced by metro cities such as Ahmedabad, Delhi, and Mumbai, which are undergoing fast urbanisation, hyperbolic population expansion, and combined with increased traffic.
As per World Bank statistics, Indian cities are among the fastest expanding in the world. Although urbanisation is only about 35%, the population is expected to be 506 million, which is substantially more than in numerous other nations. Despite this being a beneficial trend, it is associated with a variety of challenges, including a rise in private automobiles, emissions, public safety concerns, and restricted residential possibilities, all of which place significant strain on a city’s physical infrastructure. To reverse this trend and ensure a sustainable future for everybody, the administration has combined land-use and transportation policies, opening the path for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) policy.
What exactly is TOD?
TOD is a micro or macro-level development paradigm in which mixed-use communities are constructed around transportation hubs to enable a sustainable lifestyle. The development concentrates on creating components that are necessary for human survival. For example, creating residential, commercial/office, retail, and leisure areas near metro stations, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), and ferry stations to ensure convenient connectivity and high quality of life for city people.
TOD offers an accessible atmosphere and allows users and workers to easily move to markets, workplaces, and neighbouring locations. It also encourages individuals to take public transportation, thereby reducing traffic congestion and levels of pollution.
TOD consists of
- Mixed-use complexes are located within 2,000 feet of a transit junction.
- A transportation junction at the evolving model’s centre.
- Streets for pedestrians
- Styles that emphasise non-motorized transportation choices like bicycles and walking
- Parking lots that are managed
- Environmentally fragile ecosystems and high-quality open spaces must be preserved.
The Advantages of TOD
- A better way of life and easier access to places to work, play, and live
- Enhanced mobility
- increased public safety
- higher transportation usage
- Reduced household expenditure on travel
- Maximum urban land use
TOD’s Difficulties
TOD adoption is hampered by a lack of assistance from local governments. Each city has zoning rules and land development codes geared toward automobile-oriented, single-purpose, and suburban-scale development. TOD implementation is heavily reliant on zoning ordinance permits. Any restrictions or delays in FSI limits, minimum parking, minimum front setback, construction height constraints, and landscaping standards have a negative impact on TOD development.
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