The Essentials of Compass Surveying: Principles and Techniques!

Compass surveying is a method of land surveying that involves using a compass to determine the direction of a survey line or boundary. The principles of compass surveying include:

1. Selection of Survey Stations: Survey stations are selected based on the nature of the survey and the terrain. The survey stations should be visible from each other and should have a clear line of sight.
2. Taking Bearings: Bearings are the angles between the survey line and the magnetic meridian. Bearings are taken with the help of a compass.
3. Adjusting the Compass: The compass needs to be adjusted for local magnetic variation, which is the difference between true north and magnetic north. This adjustment is called magnetic declination.
4. Calculating Bearings: Bearings are calculated by adding or subtracting the magnetic declination from the magnetic bearing to obtain the true bearing.
5. Measuring Distances: The distance between two survey stations is measured using a chain or a tape. The distance is measured along the survey line.
6. Plotting: The bearings and distances are plotted on a map or a plan to show the location of the survey line or boundary.
7. Checking: The accuracy of the survey is checked by closing the survey. This involves returning to the starting point and comparing the starting bearing with the closing bearing. Any errors are then corrected.
8. Recording: The survey data is recorded in a field book or on a survey form. The record should be clear, concise, and complete.

Overall, the principles of compass surveying involve accurately determining the direction and distance of a survey line or boundary, while ensuring that all measurements are properly adjusted and recorded to maintain the accuracy of the survey.

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